Val Sivappu is a traditional variety of rice grown in the Vellapalam and Keevalur taluks of Nagapattinam district, Tamil Nadu. This rice variety is known for its unique characteristics and resilience to challenging environmental conditions. Below is a detailed description based on the provided information:

Key Features of Val Sivappu Rice:

1. Geographical Area:

   • Grown in: Vellapalam and Keevalur taluks of Nagapattinam district, located in Tamil Nadu, India. These regions are known for their fertile lands and traditional agricultural practices.

2. Growing Season:

   • The growing season for Val Sivappu rice is during the late samba season, which typically runs from September 15 to February 14. This is a period in the agricultural calendar where farmers sow and harvest crops in southern India.

3. Soil Type:

   • The rice variety thrives in sandy clay and saline soils. These soil types are most favorable for growing Val Sivappu, and the plant is particularly tolerant of saline conditions, which makes it suitable for coastal or brackish lands.
   • Additionally, Val Sivappu is drought-tolerant, which allows it to survive in areas with irregular rainfall or where irrigation might be limited.

4. Growth Duration and Height:

   • Val Sivappu rice takes around 145 to 150 days to reach maturity from sowing.
   • The plant grows up to a height of 160 cm, making it a medium to tall variety compared to other rice varieties.

5. Appearance and Color:

   • Grain Color: The rice grains are red in color, giving it a distinct appearance compared to white rice varieties.
   • The rice is also known for its good taste, which is a significant factor for consumers who prefer this traditional variety.

6. Yield:

   • The rice yields are approximately 900 kg per acre or 12 bags per acre (with each bag weighing 75 kg). This is a moderate yield compared to other varieties, but the rice's ability to grow in saline and drought-prone soils makes it valuable in specific agricultural contexts.

7. Grain Characteristics:

   • The posterior end of each grain has a unique feature: a single bristle-like structure that resembles a small bird's tail. This characteristic sets Val Sivappu rice apart from other varieties and is an identifying trait for the variety.

8. Uses:

   • The rice is traditionally used for making rice-based dishes in Tamil cuisine, including idli, dosa, and pongal. Its distinctive color and flavor also make it suitable for various regional specialties.

Advantages:

• Saline and Drought Tolerance: Val Sivappu's ability to withstand saline soils and drought makes it an ideal choice for regions with challenging growing conditions, such as coastal areas or areas experiencing water scarcity.
• Cultural Significance: This rice variety holds importance in the agricultural history and traditions of the Nagapattinam district. Its unique qualities contribute to the region's agricultural biodiversity.

Conclusion:

Val Sivappu rice is an important traditional variety grown in the coastal region of Tamil Nadu, known for its resilience to saline and drought conditions and its distinctive red-colored grains. With its moderate yield, adaptability to challenging environments, and good taste, Val Sivappu rice is a staple in the agricultural landscape of Nagapattinam. Its unique grain features, including the bristle-like structure at the posterior end, make it a distinctive choice for farmers and consumers alike.

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